What Is Fixed Nitrogen or Nitrogen Fixation

Living organisms need nitrogen to form nucleic acids, proteins, and other molecules. However, the nitrogen gas, N2, in the atmosphere is unavailable for use by most organisms because of the difficulty breaking the triple bond between nitrogen atoms. Nitrogen has to be fixed or bound into another form for animals and plants to use it. Here is a look at what fixed nitrogen is and an explanation of different fixation processes. Fixed nitrogen is nitrogen gas, N2, that has been converted to ammonia (NH3, an ammonium ion (NH4, nitrate (NO3, or another nitrogen oxide so that it can be used as a nutrient by living organisms. Nitrogen fixation is a key component of the nitrogen cycle. How Is Nitrogen Fixed? Nitrogen may be fixed via natural or synthetic processes. There are two key methods of natural nitrogen fixation: LightningLightning provides energy to react water (H2O) and nitrogen gas (N2) to form nitrates (NO3) and ammonia (NH3). Rain and snow carry these compounds to the surface, where plants use them.BacteriaMicroorganisms that fix nitrogen are known collectively as diazotrophs. Diazotrophs account for about 90% of natural nitrogen fixation. Some diazotrophs are free-living bacteria or blue-green algae, while other diazotrophs exist in symbiosis with protozoa, termites, or plants. Diazotrophs convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonia, which can be converted into nitrates or ammonium compounds. Plants and fungi use the compounds as nutrients. Animals obtain nitrogen by eating plants or animals that eat plants. There are multiple synthetic methods for fixing nitrogen: Haber or Haber-Bosch processThe Haber process or Haber-Bosch process is the most common commercial method of nitrogen fixation and ammonia production. The reaction was described by Fritz Haber, earning him the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and adapted for industrial use early in the 20th century by Karl Bosch. In the process, nitrogen and hydrogen are heated and pressurized in a vessel containing an iron catalyst to produce ammonia.Cyanamide processThe cyanamide process forms calcium cyanamide (CaCN2, also known as Nitrolime) from calcium carbide that is heated in a pure nitrogen atmosphere. Calcium cyanamide then is used as a plant fertilizer.Electric arc processLord Rayleigh devised the electric arc process in 1895, making it the first synthetic method of fixing nitrogen. The electric arc process fixes nitrogen in a lab in much the same way lightning fixes nitrogen in nature. An electric arc reacts oxygen and nitrogen in air to form nitrogen oxides. The oxide-laden air is bubbled through water to form nitric acid.

Critical Analysis Of Everyman - 1296 Words

Written in the late fifteenth century by an unknown author, Everyman was a play composed about Christian morality. The story is said to be an English version of a Dutch play on called Elckerlijc. Everyman is generally represented as the finest and most innovative example of the English morality play. â€Å"Like other morality plays from the late medieval period, it is meant to communicate a simple moral lesson to both educated and illiterate audiences† (Gyamfi Schmidt). What makes this play so great is, it provides its audience such good substance that all its readers are capable of comprehending the play. â€Å"The script’s very simplicity results in a relentless, inevitable power as Everyman takes his journey to the grave† (Lloyd). â€Å"Everyman†¦show more content†¦Everyman is apart of everyone some more than others, but still slightly apart of us all. The writer then brings characters like, Fellowship, Kindred, and Cousin who in the end bailed o n Everyman when he was in need. These characters are supposed to simulate people in our everyday lives, friends families, coworkers, etc. who when you need them most they’re nowhere to be found. Another character proposed to us was Goods, who’s name is pretty self explanatory, is meant to signify the material things we have in our lives; and in Everyman to represent everything he attained on earth. There’s also my favorite character Good Deeds, who is completely rejected by Everyman at first but in the end was one of the most significant characters in the play. Even though it was only for a brief moment God was in the beginning of the play, and is obviously the most influential and significant character in the play. In the play God is dismayed with Everyman from him straying away from him. Another extremely imperative character within this play is Death, a servant of God whom is tasked with reeling Everyman back to Christ. God was not only displeased with on a path of sin and evil, and have shut God out. By the time everyone finds out they need God it is too late and Death has arrived. God never had the intentions for his people to live a malevolent life like this, but to serve him and be with him for all eternity. In Everyman, God utilizes Death,Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis : One Day A Messenger 1189 Words   |  5 Pagespromises harshness in his search for all who live outside of our creator’s instructions. While observing Everyman going about his business, while their minds are centered on worldly possessions, he is summoned to remain still and asked if he has forgotten that the Lord has provided his blessings. Scripture warns people how easy it is to forget God, appropriately, God appoints Death to warn Everyman. The journey is long, and he is instructed to carry a full book of his story. Considering all of hisRead MoreLiterary Analysis : An Inspector Calls 2046 Words   |  9 Pagessocial, psychological, archetypal and formal seem to hold the most water and make interpretations much more simplistic to create a better understanding of what it is that the person is reading and taking in from the words and meanings. According to Critical Approaches to Literature, Social or Sociocultural criticism: examines literature in the cultural, economic and political context in which it is written or received,† exploring the relationships between the artist and society. Sometimes it examinesRead MoreMr. Smith Goes : Washington Analysis1180 Words   |  5 PagesMr. Smith Goes to Washington Analysis In Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, a modern David and Goliath story of a man taking on a system way more powerful than himself is evident in its themes of patriotism and standing up in the face of injustice. James Stewart’s portrayal of a naà ¯ve and patriotic junior senator serves as a vehicle with which Capra exposed a side of American politics that previously had been beyond the eyes of the everyman. With the help of incredible supporting actorsRead MoreFight Club By Chuck Palahniuk1442 Words   |  6 PagesFight Club At first glance, Chuck Palahniuk’s award-winning novel Fight Club gives the impression that it is a simple story revolving around a man who struggles to manage his insomnia. However, a deeper literary analysis will show readers that the novel is much more than that. Fight Club is actually a cleverly written novel that contains many elements of Marxist and psychoanalytic theories throughout the storyline. Marxism is based on the concepts of Karl Marx’s theories that focuses on class relationsRead MoreA Book That Is So New And Fresh On The Literary Scene1569 Words   |  7 Pageswhat makes differentiated American life and the books based on it from the European country that it gained independence from. This nature writing was revitalized by Transcendentalists such as Emerson and Thoreau who normalized the narrative of the everyman being able to go into nature and learn about himself and the environment that he is a part of. This continues as memoirs and the creative non fiction genre as a whole continues to grow and the space of untainted nature shrinks due to population growthRead MoreA Consideration of the Way Shakespeare Presents and Develops the Theme of Blindness in King Lear1563 Words   |  7 Pagesmost of the other characters, by the end of the play Albany has gained awareness and recognizes his wife’s inhumanity. On the surface the audience may assume that Albany’s blindness is due to his simple heart and goodness, but on deeper analysis we can see that Albany’s inaction and lack of foresight are necessary to the plot. Albany’s integrity, and naà ¯ve character creates a parallel to the uncompassionate, repugnant Cornwall. Unlike Albany, Cornwall has great insight intoRead MoreThe Great Divorce and The Divine Comedy3095 Words   |  13 Pagesbut none of them feel genuine sorrow, let alone contrition; none of them even realizes that they are damned† (97). The act of genuine contrition is what moves a sinner in Lewis’s work from Hell to Heaven and for this reason Lewis’s protagonist the everyman leaves many of his encounters unresolved. Therefore, the reader must determine if a soul has truly been contrite. Yet, Lewis emphasizes how the process of habitual sin is the cause for a souls destruction and inevitable placement in the â€Å"gray town†Read More Symbolism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2380 Words   |  10 Pagesthe minds of those who know New England† (42). Let us begin with the opening lines of the story: â€Å"YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN came forth at sunset, into the street of Salem village. . .† What is Goodman Brown symbolic of? 1.   According to Levy, he â€Å"is Everyman.   The bargain he has struck with Satan is the universal one . . . . Initially, he is a naive and immature young man who fails to understand the gravity of the step he has taken . . . [which is] succeeded by a presumably adult determination to resistRead More The Symbolism of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2725 Words   |  11 Pagesminds of those who know New England† (42).    Let us begin with the opening lines of the story: â€Å"Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset, into the street of Salem village. . .† What is Goodman Brown symbolic of? 1.   According to Levy, he â€Å"is Everyman.   The bargain he has struck with Satan is the universal one . . . . Initially, he is a naive and immature young man who fails to understand the gravity of the step he has taken . . . [which is] succeeded by a presumably adult determination to resistRead More Symbolism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay examples2488 Words   |  10 Pagesthe minds of those who know New England† (42). Let us begin with the opening lines of the story: â€Å"YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN came forth at sunset, into the street of Salem village. . .† What is Goodman Brown symbolic of? 1.   According to Levy, he â€Å"is Everyman.   The bargain he has struck with Satan is the universal one . . . . Initially, he is a naive and immature young man who fails to understand the gravity of the step he has taken . . . [which is] succeeded by a presumably adult determination to resist

Online Shopping Research Free Essays

The research question â€Å"Does the online shopping affect to purchase decision of shoppers who retain visiting and buying clothes from the store or the market in London area? † 3. 1 evaluate techniques for use with quantitative data in the research proposal The quantitative data is sample and objective. The figure is showing in statistic such as the count of frequencies, rate of percentages or another statistic way of actual absence of behaviour. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Shopping Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are a number of approaches to collect quantitative data such as surveys, questionnaires (close-ended questions), clinical test. The quantitative data mostly is used with large sample. It is no need for the participant to put their name on the questionnaires which is help to gain more data than qualitative data collection method that required the personal detail (will be explain more in 3. 2) . The data analysis will be display in the bar chart, pie chart, graph or histogram. The researcher can be clearly to understand and compare result in general. From the research question which is about the behaviour of shopper to make a purchase decision on buying cloth. The quantitative collection that would be the most appropriate to implement in this research should be the close-ended questionnaires because the survey and questionnaires can be complete namelessly, thus it allows to get a lots of data from great number of sample from the sample field either or the internet. The close-ended questionnaires are easy to analyse and compare because it can be done in term of rate of percentages or histogram. However, some of the participant might give the dishonestly responses cause of the biased result. This data collection method provide researcher to cover a wide range of the research question but only in the general view it cannot provide in-depth opinion of participant. The cost to process this data collection is inexpensive unless using conducting the survey via the telephone. It may take moderate of time required depends on the system that the researcher will conduct for example mail and telephone would be take more time that give the questionnaire papers in sample area. 3. 2 evaluate techniques for use with qualitative data in the research proposal The qualitative data is about â€Å"Why† which is help the researcher to find out more depth information and being clear perspective in the research question. The qualitative collection methods such as the surveys, open-ended questionnaires, interview, focus group etc. Most of this method requires a long period of time and money to support the conducting. According to the research question which is related on the shopper’s behaviour. Therefore the interview would be the ideal method to collect the data because it offer full stories and depth information which is given the flexibility to research for exploring topic in detail and varied perspective. Moreover the interview method gives a chance for interviewer to explain the question that interviewees not understand clearly and get the right information from interviewees. However in reality, The conducting of the interview data collection method is difficult to produce because It is required the highly skilled interviewer and honest who can control the scope of the answers related to the subject, unbias and create the comfortable atmosphere to interviewees, It is also need to prepare the closed area for the interview in term of protecting the interruption for environment. Moreover It is numberless of people to participate the interview because it need to ask the personal detail in case of following or re-collecting the data which is uncommonly to encourages people getting involve. Apart from the difficult of conducting, the interview is time consuming and expensive for this research. Although, it is hard to conduct the interview but there are another way to gain detailed information from participant by using the open-ended questionnaires. It is inexpensive method and the researcher can conduct it together with the closed-ended questionnaires. From this way it increasing an opportunity to get more in-depth information and research can be provide the critical analysis. It might be difficult to interpret wording or phrases that participant be using and it is often that people not given the answer in the questionnaires which cause of the missing data. As stated by the research question, The possible sample area that can be collect the data would be chosen mainly in Camden lock market and online social website as facebook or alternatively student in the college. The methods that would be using in this research would be closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires in term of to cover the wide objective of topic and get some detail from the questionnaire. This both methods can be gathering data to each other. The researcher can be able to produce the questionnaire in one page and unneeded name, Thus participants would pleasant to do it. As the reason as present before, The mixed questionnaires would be suitable to apply for the crowded market as Camden lock market that mostly of the people busy at shopping because it required less time for participants to complete and it is in expensive to conduct for research even though, it require moderate time. References Richard Gay,Alan Charlesworth, and Rita Esen, (2007) , â€Å" Online marketing – a customer-led approach† Oxford university press, Great clarendon street ,Oxford Sarah Quinton and Teresa Smallbone (2006) , â€Å"Postgraduate research in business – a critical guide† SAGE publications LTd. Saunders,Lewis and Thornhill (2007), â€Å"Research methods for business students (fourth editon)†, Pearson education limited. â€Å"Overview of Qualitative Methods and AnalyticTechnique† http://www. nsf. gov/pubs/1997/nsf97153/chap_3. htm â€Å" Evaluation method† http://socrates. berkeley. edu/~pbd/pdfs/Evaluation_Methods. pdf How to cite Online Shopping Research, Essays

Dulce est Decrum est Essay Example For Students

Dulce est Decrum est Essay INTRODUCTIONIn the poem, Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen, the social climate of the World War I era is reflected through the poets use of vivid imagery and poetic techniques. The poem itself presents an a blunt impression of the world through its linking of ideas and language in its text. The poem addresses the falsehood, that war is glorious, that it is noble, it describes the true horror and waste that is war, with the aim of changing the way in which society thinks about conflict. THE POEMS MEANING TO METhe poem epitomises the futility and pointlessness of war. Not only is war a shocking waste of life, but it is ultimately barbarous and pointless act as World War I so horrendously demonstrated to the world powers. The graphic horror of war is presented through a series of images which are designed to demolish the notion of war being a patriotic and meaningful adventure. The one particularly vivid image that got to me was that of the lone soldier who doesnt fasten his mask fas t enough and suffers from the full effects of deadly gas: In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. And then: If you could hear at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues. Owen generates two powerful images aimed at discouraging the mere thought of war by its emotionally distressing descriptions. The way in which Owen moved the images from a general concept to personal illustration by addressing the reader directly, If you could hear indicated that I must place myself in this situation, and evoke the setting and all the associated emotions in my mind as I were in fact witnessing this event first hand. Perhaps to feel the emotions as Owen would himself. The poet helps this by precisely describing the surroundings and encouraging particularly sinister and dark emotions to surface. The vivid similes: obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud, encourage a sickening reaction to the notion of actively engaging in battle. The idea of cancer represents the terminal results and finality of war. Owen suggests that men who are sent to fight are being sent to their death; something as inevitable as death from cancer. The slow and painful death associated with cancer is likened to dying on the battlefield where those who arent killed instantly are left to suffer horribly. Just like Owens gassed soldier. The futility of war is shown in the first part of the poem where we see the soldiers, fatigued and wounded, returning to base camp when a gas attack is launched on them: Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind; Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots Gas! Gas! Quick boys! The slow and steady movement of time felt whilst reading the beginning of this extract is due to the subdued and disheartening attitude of the soldiers. The placement of words directly reflects the fatigue felt by the weary boys. The image of them marching slowly, bloody and drunk, evokes similar feelings of tiredness in the reader which are quickly interrupted by Gas! Gas! Quick boys!. These last few words of the passage come across as though one of the soldiers is saying them, even though it is the persona trying to communicate a message of cautiousness to the soldiers and at the same time reinforce the reality of these events to the reader. As a reader I feel the relative stillness of the mens quiet attitude being quickly interrupted by these loud words. A contrast is established. This image, and the one of the lone soldier dying awakens the minds of the people who read the poem to the reality of war as being a terrifyingly sad way for young people to die, and that ideology of patriotism and honour is the cause of such sickening circumstance. Owen is, effectively, placing the blame of the wars consequences squarely on the shoulders of the society that supports it. LANG UAGE AND TECHNIQUESThe language in this poem is quite simple yet vivid, encouraging the reader to understand the situation and to be emotionally awakened in the process. In particular, Owen wants to bring home the realities of war to the boffins as well as the relatively sheltered public. By his use of simple language, Owen overcomes the social barriers of class and education that existed at the time. Thus he allows the message to reach and be understood by a large cross section of the public. By his use of these vivid, descriptive images, Owen allows those who arent used to analysing literature in depth to clearly identify the central anti-war themes of the poem, and to identify that war is a pointless waste of life. This is especially relevant for the British society of the time who generally viewed war as a patriotic and a heroic forum to display national unity and pride. Owen brings these general conceptions onto a shockingly personal level. .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc , .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc .postImageUrl , .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc , .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc:hover , .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc:visited , .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc:active { border:0!important; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc:active , .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18a61c471984fafc54e245de562875bc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Justifications in Paradise Lost Essay There are many poetic techniques used by Owen which encourage and support the main challenge to the typical attitudes of the time. He uses similes such as, Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, and, obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud, to familiarise the situation to the reader and to focus on the repulsive truth of war. These similes simplify the theme of his poem without reducing its effect, and make the poem easier to understand. This reflects the views of the World War I society where there was a need for such anti-war messages, especially when there were people placed in high social classes who supported the war. The alliteration of the letter s such as in sick of sin also works well to this anti-war message as the s sound is usually identified to stealth and maliciousness. The hyphen joining compound epithets knock-kneed and blood-shod, where we again see the use of alliteration, describe the physical condition of the soldiers quickly and effectively, and allowing the rea der to easily picture the soldiers in their mind. These techniques work together to easily present the themes to the public in an understandable way. The graphic horror of war is presented through a series of images which are designed to demolish the notion of war being a patriotic and meaningful adventure. One particularly vivid image is that of the lone soldier who doesnt fasten his mask fast enough and suffers from the effects of the deadly gas: In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. And then: If you could hear at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues. These two images powerfully discourage the mere thought of war by terrifying the reader through emotionally frightening descriptions. Owen moves the images from a general concept to personal illustration by addressing the reader directly through saying, If you could hear. Now, it is indicated to the reader that they must place themselves in this situation, and evoke the setting and all associated emotions in their min d that a person witnessing this event would feel, perhaps like Owen himself. The poet helps by precisely describing the surroundings and encouraging particularly dark feelings to arise. The vivid similes: obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud, encourage a sickening reaction to the notion of actively engaging in battle. The idea of cancer represents the terminal results or the finality of war. Owen suggests that men who are sent to fight are being sent to their death; something as inevitable as death from cancer. The slow and painful death associated with cancer is likened to dying on the battlefield where those who arent killed instantly are left to suffer horribly. Like the gassed soldier. The futility of war is shown in the first part of the poem where we see the soldiers, fatigued and wounded, returning to base camp when a gas attack is launched on them: Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind; Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots Gas! Gas! Quick boys! The slow and steady movement of time felt whilst reading the beginning of this extract is due to the subdued and disheartening attitude of the soldiers. The placement of words directly reflects the fatigue felt by the weary soldiers. The image of them marching slowly, bloody and drunk, evokes similar feelings of tiredness in the reader which are quickly interrupted by Gas! Gas! Quick boys!. These last few words of the passage are designed as though one of the soldiers is saying them, even though it is the persona trying to communicate a message of cautiousness to the soldiers and at the same time reinforce the reality of these events to the reader. We feel the relative stillness of the mens quiet attitude being quickly interrupted by these loud words and it seems as if time was one of the boys; sullen and weary, then suddenly activated and alert. A contrast is established. This image, and the one of the lone soldier dying awakens the minds of the people who read the poem to the reality of war as being a terrifyingly sad way for young people to die, and that ideology of patriotism and honour is the cause of such sickening circumstance. Owen is, effectively, placing the blame of the wars consequences squarely on the shoulders of the society that supports it. CONCLUSION!Wilfred Owens extremely powerful poem, Dulce Et Decorum Est thoroughly criticises the ideology of war being a sweet and glorious way to die, fighting for ones country. The combination of vivid imagery and poetic devices work to evoke a horrible anti-war feeling in the reader and encourage them to act and cease the on-going violence in the world. With powerful imagery and simple language, Owen allows the poem to be understood by the public at large so as to influence as many people as possible. The power of ideology is revealed and skilfully condemned by Owens masterful writing of poetry and war is appropriately presented as the hideous thing it is.